Issue 98: Spring 2009

The Racial State of the Everyday and the Making of Ethnic Statistics in Britain

By Jacqueline Nassy Brown on December 28, 2009
Abstract: This article critically examines a common premise of racial discourse in contemporary multiracial societies: that ethnic data collection, in the form of population statistics, is necessary for the apprehension and eradication of discrimination. Drawing on ethnographic data from the conduct of the 1991 National Census of the United Kingdom--the first ever to include a direct question on ethnicity--I analyze the myriad dimensions of racialized power and subjectivity at work in demographic knowledge production. In the process, I suggest that the 1991 census reveals less about people's racial or ethnic identity, per se, than it does about the contradictory racial identities of the British state itself. These become visible both in terms of state practices with regard to race and in terms of the myriad ways that black people represent the state, appeal to it, resist it, or embody it.

Dateline Paris. 18 November 2005. The biggest explosion of street violence in France since the late 1960s has jolted the country into confronting its failure to include its 7 million residents of Arab and African origin in the national mainstream. Some experts believe the crux of the problem lies with France's integration policy. Government bodies and private companies are barred from gathering data based on ethnicity or religion -- which are deemed potentially divisive. France has always deemed its model superior to the Anglo-Saxon approach of diversity, which has enabled ethnic minorities to retain strong bonds in cultural and religious communities. France calls this "comunitarism" and says that it promotes ghettos, exclusion, poverty, race riots, and religious extremism that can ultimately lead to actions such as the London bombings. French Equal Opportunities Minister Azouz Begag has urged the government to overturn the ban on collecting such data, telling Le Figaro newspaper that it was important to assess the presence of minorities in various professions. Job discrimination was a key complaint voiced by many youths who rioted in immigrant suburbs in recent weeks. "We need to see France's true colours," Mr. Begag said. 


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