Issue 97: Winter 2008

Light Reading: Public Utility, Urban Fiction, and Human Rights

By Michael D. Rubenstein on December 28, 2009
Abstract: This essay argues that the public utility, particularly electricity supply, signifies powerfully as a form of social recognition, a basic human right, and a model of civic inclusion and citizenship in the modern and postcolonial Bildungsroman. James Joyce's A PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST AS A YOUNG MAN, Henry Roth's CALL IT SLEEP, Ralph Ellison's INVISIBLE MAN, and centrally, Patrick Chamoiseau's TEXACO all connect with one another through a preoccupation with electricity as an akasic medium for the creation of urban imagined communities. The essay further deals with public utilities as a terrain of political struggle from the megacities of the global south (what Mike Davis calls the "planet of slums") to the banlieues of Paris. That struggle is embodied in the emergent practice of parkour, whose expressions this essay analyzes via their popular dissemination in films such as DISTRICT B13 and CASINO ROYALE.
"The body, enlightened by electricity, was not docile, but ecstatic." 
 -- James Delbourgo, A Most Amazing Scene of Wonders 


In the 2005 French action film District B13, in which Luc Besson offers up a merely vehicular script through which to showcase the spectacular acrobatics of Paris's (more accurately, the banlieues [suburbs] of Paris's) newest offering to choreographed martial-artistry, parkour, a cop, Damien (Cyril Rafaelli), and a badass banlieusard called Leïto (David Belle) square off in an abandoned factory in a Paris ghetto. The cop shouts his abstract allegiance to the state: "Liberté, fraternité, égalité!" The ghetto youth responds with his material allegiance to the city's decaying slums: "Eau, gaz, électricité!" The battle begins, rages awesomely, and then ends in an alliance between the two characters when they realize, in the middle of the action, that they are on the same side after all, that the ideals of liberty, brotherhood, and freedom need to be unified with the material infrastructure of water, gas, and electricity for the ideals to have any real weight or meaning. The scene is a perfect reduction of the problem this 

essay addresses, the essential tension between democratization and modernization and, in particular, the status within global modernity of what I call, a little inexactly, public utilities: water, gas, and electricity. 


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