Issue 102: Spring 2010

Contains Web Supplement

Never Heard Such a Thing: Lynching and Phonographic Modernity

By Gustavus Stadler on March 11, 2010
Abstract: This essay examines 1890s commercial audio recordings--none of which is known to exist today--that reenacted lynchings of African Americans,in particular, the mass spectacle lynching of Henry Smith of Paris, Texas, in 1893. Despite rumors that the recordings were made live, they were in fact examples of an early, nonmusical genre in commercial phonography known as the "descriptive specialty," which often involved studio reenactments of current events. Like other descriptive specialties, these recordings were meant to exhibit the phonographic medium to capture audience attention. Using descriptions of the recordings from period documents, the essay argues that there was a specific confluence between lynching reenactments and the notion of a "phonographic voice," between sounds elicited from persons on the edge of "the human" and the sound imagined to come from the machine itself. It places the recordings in the context of contemporary representations of blackness in phonography and ponders their place in the longer history of recorded sounds of blackness. It also argues against the fixation on disembodiment among some media historians and theorists who work on phonography and contemporaneous technologies.
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One of J. M. Mertins' images of the lynching of Henry Smith in Paris, Texas on February 1, 1893. Smith's murder is considered the first "mass spectacle" lynching and was the subject of re-enactment on early phonograph recordings. Collection of the Library of Congress.

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Featured on the front page of New York Times.

The lynching recordings were part of an early phonographic genre called the "descriptive specialty." To hear an example of the genre cited in the essay, "The Charge of Roosevelt's Rough Riders (1898)," click here.

To hear a descriptive specialty representing the San Francisco earthquake of 1906, listen to this 2006 NPR story.

To hear "The Laughing Song" by George Washington Johnson, the first well-known African American recording artist, click here.

The Johnson recording is online in the excellent "Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project" at the Donald C. Davidson Library at the University of California, Santa Barbara, which currently has over 8000 early phonographic cylinders in its digital collection.

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